A 2 pole motor is a type of motor that has two magnetic poles or a pair of magnetic pole, with a north-south configuration. A 2 pole motor consumes less energy, has more revolutions per minute, good noise performance and less work output. This type of motor is not efficient for heavy power applications.
4 pole motor is a type of motor with 4 magnetic poles or two pairs of magnetic poles, with a north-south-north-south configuration. A 4 pole motor consumes more energy, has fewer revolutions per minute, and delivers more torque per horsepower and work output. This type of motor is suitable for heavy power applications.
Understanding the different types of DC motors will also help you understand how they’re used for different applications, and which type may apply to your application.
There are 4 main types of DC motors:
1. Permanent Magnet DC Motors
The permanent magnet motor uses a permanent magnet to create field flux. This type of DC motor provides great starting torque and has good speed regulation, but torque is limited so they are typically found on low horsepower applications.
2. Series DC Motors
In a series DC motor, the field is wound with a few turns of a large wire carrying the full armature current. Typically, series DC motors create a large amount of starting torque, but cannot regulate speed and can even be damaged by running with no load. These limitations mean that they are not a good option for variable speed drive applications.
3. Shunt DC Motors
In shunt DC motors the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature windings. These motors offer great speed regulation due to the fact that the shunt field can be excited separately from the armature windings, which also offers simplified reversing controls.
4. Compound DC Motors
Compound DC motors, like shunt DC motors, have a separately excited shunt field. Compound DC motors have good starting torque but may experience control problems in variable speed drive applications.
Between the 4 types of DC motors, the potential applications are numerous. Each type of DC motor has its strengths and weaknesses. Understanding these can help you understand which types may be good for your application.
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